Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Coronary artery bypass grafting, commonly known as bypass surgery, is performed to improve blood flow to the heart. Surgeons create a new pathway for blood to reach the heart by using a healthy artery or vein from another part of the body to bypass a blocked coronary artery.

Angioplasty and Stenting
Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. A small balloon is inserted and inflated at the site of the blockage to widen the artery. A stent, which is a small mesh tube, is often placed during angioplasty to keep the artery open and improve blood flow.

Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) Implantation Pacemakers and ICDs are small devices implanted in the chest to help control abnormal heart rhythms. A pacemaker uses electrical impulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate, while an ICD monitors the heart rhythm and can deliver shocks to correct life-threatening arrhythmias.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a narrowed aortic valve that fails to open properly (aortic stenosis). Instead of open-heart surgery, TAVR involves inserting a replacement valve via a catheter through the blood vessels, providing a less invasive option for high-risk patients.

Electrophysiology Studies and Ablation
Electrophysiology (EP) studies are conducted to diagnose and treat abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). During an EP study, catheters are threaded through the blood vessels to the heart to record its electrical activity. Ablation is a procedure that uses heat or cold energy to create scars in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal rhythm.

Heart Transplant
A heart transplant is a surgical procedure in which a patient's diseased heart is replaced with a healthy heart from a deceased donor. This procedure is typically reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease that cannot be managed with other treatments.

Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs)
VADs are mechanical pumps that support heart function and blood flow in people with weakened hearts. patients who are not eligible for a transplant.
They are often used as a bridge to heart transplant or as a long-term treatment for heart failure
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
ECMO is a life-support technique used for patients with severe heart and lung conditions. It involves pumping blood outside the body to a heart-lung machine that removes carbon dioxide and oxygenates the blood, allowing the heart and lungs to rest and heal.

Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive program designed to improve heart health and quality of life after a heart attack, heart surgery, or other heart conditions. It includes exercise training, education on heart-healthy living, and counseling to reduce stress and improve mental health.